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At elevated temperatures,hydrogen iodide may decompose to form hydrogen gas and iodine gas,as follows. 2HI(g) At elevated temperatures,hydrogen iodide may decompose to form hydrogen gas and iodine gas,as follows. 2HI(g)    H<sub>2</sub>(g) + I<sub>2</sub>(g)  In a particular experiment,the concentrations at equilibrium were measured to be [HI] = 0.85 Mol/L,[I<sub>2</sub>] = 0.60 mol/L,and [H<sub>2</sub>] = 0.27 mol/L.What is K<sub>c</sub> for the above reaction? A) 5.3 B) 0.22 C) 4.5 D) 0.19 E) 1.6 × 10<sup>2</sup> H2(g) + I2(g) In a particular experiment,the concentrations at equilibrium were measured to be [HI] = 0.85 Mol/L,[I2] = 0.60 mol/L,and [H2] = 0.27 mol/L.What is Kc for the above reaction?


A) 5.3
B) 0.22
C) 4.5
D) 0.19
E) 1.6 × 102

F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

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When a reaction reaches _________,the concentration of the reactants and products will no longer change.

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Changing the amount of reactant or product in an equilibrium reaction will always change the equilibrium position,regardless of the physical state of the substance involved.

A) True
B) False

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Nitrosyl chloride (NOCl) decomposes at elevated temperatures according to the equation 2NOCl(g) Nitrosyl chloride (NOCl) decomposes at elevated temperatures according to the equation 2NOCl(g)    2NO(g) + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) .What is K<sub>P</sub> for this reaction at 227°C? For this reaction ΔH° = 81.2 kJ/mol and ΔS° = 128 J/K • mol.(R = 8.314 J/K • mol)  A) 1.60 × 10<sup>-2</sup> B) 2.10 × 10<sup>-7</sup> C) 62.8 D) 4.90 × 10<sup>6</sup> E) 3.20 × 10<sup>9</sup> 2NO(g) + Cl2(g) .What is KP for this reaction at 227°C? For this reaction ΔH° = 81.2 kJ/mol and ΔS° = 128 J/K • mol.(R = 8.314 J/K • mol)


A) 1.60 × 10-2
B) 2.10 × 10-7
C) 62.8
D) 4.90 × 106
E) 3.20 × 109

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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For _______-________ reactions KP = Kc (RT)Δn gas.

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The following reactions occur at 500 K.Arrange them in order of increasing tendency to proceed to completion (least completion → greatest completion) . 1 2NOCl The following reactions occur at 500 K.Arrange them in order of increasing tendency to proceed to completion (least completion → greatest completion) . 1 2NOCl   2NO + Cl<sub>2</sub> K<sub>P</sub> = 1.7 × 10<sup>- 2</sup> 2 N2O<sub>4</sub>   2NO<sub>2</sub> K<sub>P</sub> = 1.5 × 10<sup>3</sup> 3 2SO<sub>3</sub>   2SO<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> K<sub>P</sub> = 1.3 × 10<sup> -5</sup> 4 2NO<sub>2</sub>   2NO + O<sub>2</sub> K<sub>P</sub> = 5.9 × 10<sup> -5</sup> A) 2 < 1 < 3 < 4 B) 3 < 1 < 4 < 2 C) 3 < 4 < 1 < 2 D) 4 < 3 < 2 < 1 E) 4 < 3 < 1 < 2 2NO + Cl2 KP = 1.7 × 10- 2 2 N2O4 The following reactions occur at 500 K.Arrange them in order of increasing tendency to proceed to completion (least completion → greatest completion) . 1 2NOCl   2NO + Cl<sub>2</sub> K<sub>P</sub> = 1.7 × 10<sup>- 2</sup> 2 N2O<sub>4</sub>   2NO<sub>2</sub> K<sub>P</sub> = 1.5 × 10<sup>3</sup> 3 2SO<sub>3</sub>   2SO<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> K<sub>P</sub> = 1.3 × 10<sup> -5</sup> 4 2NO<sub>2</sub>   2NO + O<sub>2</sub> K<sub>P</sub> = 5.9 × 10<sup> -5</sup> A) 2 < 1 < 3 < 4 B) 3 < 1 < 4 < 2 C) 3 < 4 < 1 < 2 D) 4 < 3 < 2 < 1 E) 4 < 3 < 1 < 2 2NO2 KP = 1.5 × 103 3 2SO3 The following reactions occur at 500 K.Arrange them in order of increasing tendency to proceed to completion (least completion → greatest completion) . 1 2NOCl   2NO + Cl<sub>2</sub> K<sub>P</sub> = 1.7 × 10<sup>- 2</sup> 2 N2O<sub>4</sub>   2NO<sub>2</sub> K<sub>P</sub> = 1.5 × 10<sup>3</sup> 3 2SO<sub>3</sub>   2SO<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> K<sub>P</sub> = 1.3 × 10<sup> -5</sup> 4 2NO<sub>2</sub>   2NO + O<sub>2</sub> K<sub>P</sub> = 5.9 × 10<sup> -5</sup> A) 2 < 1 < 3 < 4 B) 3 < 1 < 4 < 2 C) 3 < 4 < 1 < 2 D) 4 < 3 < 2 < 1 E) 4 < 3 < 1 < 2 2SO2 + O2 KP = 1.3 × 10 -5 4 2NO2 The following reactions occur at 500 K.Arrange them in order of increasing tendency to proceed to completion (least completion → greatest completion) . 1 2NOCl   2NO + Cl<sub>2</sub> K<sub>P</sub> = 1.7 × 10<sup>- 2</sup> 2 N2O<sub>4</sub>   2NO<sub>2</sub> K<sub>P</sub> = 1.5 × 10<sup>3</sup> 3 2SO<sub>3</sub>   2SO<sub>2</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> K<sub>P</sub> = 1.3 × 10<sup> -5</sup> 4 2NO<sub>2</sub>   2NO + O<sub>2</sub> K<sub>P</sub> = 5.9 × 10<sup> -5</sup> A) 2 < 1 < 3 < 4 B) 3 < 1 < 4 < 2 C) 3 < 4 < 1 < 2 D) 4 < 3 < 2 < 1 E) 4 < 3 < 1 < 2 2NO + O2 KP = 5.9 × 10 -5


A) 2 < 1 < 3 < 4
B) 3 < 1 < 4 < 2
C) 3 < 4 < 1 < 2
D) 4 < 3 < 2 < 1
E) 4 < 3 < 1 < 2

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

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For the reaction H2(g) + Br2(g) For the reaction H<sub>2</sub>(g) + Br<sub>2</sub>(g)    2HBr(g) ,K<sub>c</sub> = 81.4 at 385ºC.If [H<sub>2</sub>] = [Br<sub>2</sub>] = [HBr] = 2.4 × 10<sup>-4</sup>M at 385ºC,which one of the following is correct? A) [H<sub>2</sub>] and [HBr] decrease as the system moves toward equilibrium. B) The system is at equilibrium. C) [H<sub>2</sub>] and [Br<sub>2</sub>] increase as the system approaches equilibrium. D) [HBr] increases as the system approaches equilibrium. E) [HBr] and [Br<sub>2</sub>] increases as the system approaches equilibrium. 2HBr(g) ,Kc = 81.4 at 385ºC.If [H2] = [Br2] = [HBr] = 2.4 × 10-4M at 385ºC,which one of the following is correct?


A) [H2] and [HBr] decrease as the system moves toward equilibrium.
B) The system is at equilibrium.
C) [H2] and [Br2] increase as the system approaches equilibrium.
D) [HBr] increases as the system approaches equilibrium.
E) [HBr] and [Br2] increases as the system approaches equilibrium.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Hydrogen iodide decomposes according to the equation 2HI(g) Hydrogen iodide decomposes according to the equation 2HI(g)    H<sub>2</sub>(g) + I<sub>2</sub>(g) ,for which K<sub>c</sub> = 0.0156 at 400ºC.Suppose 0.550 mol HI was injected into a 2.00-L reaction vessel at 400ºC.What is the concentration of H<sub>2</sub> at equilibrium? A) 0.275 M B) 0.138 M C) 0.0275 M D) 0.0550 M E) 0.220 M H2(g) + I2(g) ,for which Kc = 0.0156 at 400ºC.Suppose 0.550 mol HI was injected into a 2.00-L reaction vessel at 400ºC.What is the concentration of H2 at equilibrium?


A) 0.275 M
B) 0.138 M
C) 0.0275 M
D) 0.0550 M
E) 0.220 M

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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What is defined as a fraction with product concentrations in the numerator and reactant concentrations in the denominator and with each concentration raised to a power equal to the corresponding stoichiometric coefficient in the balanced chemical equation?


A) Reversibility expression
B) Reaction expression
C) Equilibrium expression
D) Reaction quotient
E) Mass action

F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

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Hydrogen iodide decomposes according to the equation 2HI(g) Hydrogen iodide decomposes according to the equation 2HI(g)    H<sub>2</sub>(g) + I<sub>2</sub>(g) ,for which K<sub>c</sub> = 0.0156 at 400ºC.Suppose 0.550 mol HI is injected into a 2.00-L reaction vessel at 400ºC.What is the concentration of HI at equilibrium? A) 0.138 M B) 0.220 M C) 0.550 M D) 0.275 M E) 0.0275 M H2(g) + I2(g) ,for which Kc = 0.0156 at 400ºC.Suppose 0.550 mol HI is injected into a 2.00-L reaction vessel at 400ºC.What is the concentration of HI at equilibrium?


A) 0.138 M
B) 0.220 M
C) 0.550 M
D) 0.275 M
E) 0.0275 M

F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

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Which equation is correct?


A) ΔG = ΔG° - RT logKeq
B) ΔG = ΔG° + RT lnQ
C) ΔG = RT lnQ
D) ΔG = -RT logQ
E) ΔG = -RT logKeq

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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There are guidelines to help write equilibrium constants.

A) True
B) False

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For the reaction PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) For the reaction PCl<sub>3</sub>(g) + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g)    PCl<sub>5</sub>(g) at a particular temperature,K<sub>c</sub> = 32.4.Suppose a system at that temperature is prepared with [PCl<sub>5</sub>] = 0.50 M,[Cl<sub>2</sub>] = 0.4 M,and [PCl<sub>3</sub>] = 0.10M.Which of the following is correct? A) The system will proceed in the direction of forming more PCl<sub>5</sub> and Cl<sub>2</sub> until equilibrium is reached. B) The system is at equilibrium. C) The system will proceed in the direction of forming more PCl<sub>5</sub> until equilibrium is reached. D) The system will proceed in the direction of forming more PCl<sub>3</sub> and Cl<sub>2</sub> until equilibrium is reached. E) The system will proceed in the direction of forming more PCl<sub>3</sub> and PCl<sub>5</sub> until equilibrium is reached. PCl5(g) at a particular temperature,Kc = 32.4.Suppose a system at that temperature is prepared with [PCl5] = 0.50 M,[Cl2] = 0.4 M,and [PCl3] = 0.10M.Which of the following is correct?


A) The system will proceed in the direction of forming more PCl5 and Cl2 until equilibrium is reached.
B) The system is at equilibrium.
C) The system will proceed in the direction of forming more PCl5 until equilibrium is reached.
D) The system will proceed in the direction of forming more PCl3 and Cl2 until equilibrium is reached.
E) The system will proceed in the direction of forming more PCl3 and PCl5 until equilibrium is reached.

F) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

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Nitric oxide is formed in automobile exhaust when nitrogen and oxygen in air react at high temperatures. N2(g) + O2(g) Nitric oxide is formed in automobile exhaust when nitrogen and oxygen in air react at high temperatures. N<sub>2</sub>(g) + O<sub>2</sub>(g)    2NO(g)  The equilibrium constant K<sub>P</sub> for the reaction is 0.0025 at 2127°C.If a container is charged with 8) 00 atm of nitrogen and 5.00 atm of oxygen and the mixture is allowed to reach equilibrium, What will be the equilibrium partial pressure of nitrogen? A) 0.15 atm B) 0.31 atm C) 3.08 atm D) 7.69 atm E) 7.85 atm 2NO(g) The equilibrium constant KP for the reaction is 0.0025 at 2127°C.If a container is charged with 8) 00 atm of nitrogen and 5.00 atm of oxygen and the mixture is allowed to reach equilibrium, What will be the equilibrium partial pressure of nitrogen?


A) 0.15 atm
B) 0.31 atm
C) 3.08 atm
D) 7.69 atm
E) 7.85 atm

F) C) and E)
G) All of the above

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At 500°C the equilibrium constant,KP ,is 4.00 ×10-4 for the equilibrium: 2HCN(g) At 500°C the equilibrium constant,K<sub>P</sub> ,is 4.00 ×10<sup>-4</sup> for the equilibrium: 2HCN(g)    H<sub>2</sub>(g) + C<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>(g)  What is K<sub>p</sub> for the following reaction? H<sub>2</sub>(g) + C<sub>2</sub> N<sub>2</sub>(g)    2HCN(g)  A) 2.00 × 10<sup>-4</sup> B) -4.00 × 10<sup>-4</sup> C) 1.25 × 10<sup>3</sup> D) 2.50 × 10<sup>3</sup> E) 4.00 × 10<sup>4</sup> H2(g) + C2N2(g) What is Kp for the following reaction? H2(g) + C2 N2(g) At 500°C the equilibrium constant,K<sub>P</sub> ,is 4.00 ×10<sup>-4</sup> for the equilibrium: 2HCN(g)    H<sub>2</sub>(g) + C<sub>2</sub>N<sub>2</sub>(g)  What is K<sub>p</sub> for the following reaction? H<sub>2</sub>(g) + C<sub>2</sub> N<sub>2</sub>(g)    2HCN(g)  A) 2.00 × 10<sup>-4</sup> B) -4.00 × 10<sup>-4</sup> C) 1.25 × 10<sup>3</sup> D) 2.50 × 10<sup>3</sup> E) 4.00 × 10<sup>4</sup> 2HCN(g)


A) 2.00 × 10-4
B) -4.00 × 10-4
C) 1.25 × 103
D) 2.50 × 103
E) 4.00 × 104

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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In which of these gas-phase equilibria is the yield of products increased by increasing the total pressure on the reaction mixture?


A) CO(g) + H2O(g) In which of these gas-phase equilibria is the yield of products increased by increasing the total pressure on the reaction mixture? A) CO(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O(g)    CO<sub>2</sub>(g) + H<sub>2</sub>(g)  B) 2NO(g) + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g)    2NOCl(g)  C) 2SO<sub>3</sub>(g)    2SO<sub>2</sub>(g) + O<sub>2</sub>(g)  D) PCl<sub>5</sub>(g)    PCl<sub>3</sub>(g) + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g)  E) 2H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (g)    2H<sub>2</sub>O(g) + O<sub>2</sub>(g) CO2(g) + H2(g)
B) 2NO(g) + Cl2(g) In which of these gas-phase equilibria is the yield of products increased by increasing the total pressure on the reaction mixture? A) CO(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O(g)    CO<sub>2</sub>(g) + H<sub>2</sub>(g)  B) 2NO(g) + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g)    2NOCl(g)  C) 2SO<sub>3</sub>(g)    2SO<sub>2</sub>(g) + O<sub>2</sub>(g)  D) PCl<sub>5</sub>(g)    PCl<sub>3</sub>(g) + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g)  E) 2H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (g)    2H<sub>2</sub>O(g) + O<sub>2</sub>(g) 2NOCl(g)
C) 2SO3(g) In which of these gas-phase equilibria is the yield of products increased by increasing the total pressure on the reaction mixture? A) CO(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O(g)    CO<sub>2</sub>(g) + H<sub>2</sub>(g)  B) 2NO(g) + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g)    2NOCl(g)  C) 2SO<sub>3</sub>(g)    2SO<sub>2</sub>(g) + O<sub>2</sub>(g)  D) PCl<sub>5</sub>(g)    PCl<sub>3</sub>(g) + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g)  E) 2H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (g)    2H<sub>2</sub>O(g) + O<sub>2</sub>(g) 2SO2(g) + O2(g)
D) PCl5(g) In which of these gas-phase equilibria is the yield of products increased by increasing the total pressure on the reaction mixture? A) CO(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O(g)    CO<sub>2</sub>(g) + H<sub>2</sub>(g)  B) 2NO(g) + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g)    2NOCl(g)  C) 2SO<sub>3</sub>(g)    2SO<sub>2</sub>(g) + O<sub>2</sub>(g)  D) PCl<sub>5</sub>(g)    PCl<sub>3</sub>(g) + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g)  E) 2H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (g)    2H<sub>2</sub>O(g) + O<sub>2</sub>(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g)
E) 2H2O2 (g) In which of these gas-phase equilibria is the yield of products increased by increasing the total pressure on the reaction mixture? A) CO(g) + H<sub>2</sub>O(g)    CO<sub>2</sub>(g) + H<sub>2</sub>(g)  B) 2NO(g) + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g)    2NOCl(g)  C) 2SO<sub>3</sub>(g)    2SO<sub>2</sub>(g) + O<sub>2</sub>(g)  D) PCl<sub>5</sub>(g)    PCl<sub>3</sub>(g) + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g)  E) 2H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (g)    2H<sub>2</sub>O(g) + O<sub>2</sub>(g) 2H2O(g) + O2(g)

F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

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The reaction system POBr3(g) The reaction system POBr<sub>3</sub>(g)    POBr(g) + Br<sub>2</sub>(g) is at equilibrium.Which of the following statements describes the behavior of the system if POBr is added to the container? A) POBr will be consumed in order to establish a new equilibrium. B) The partial pressures of POBr<sub>3</sub> and POBr will remain steady while the partial pressure of bromine increases. C) The partial pressure of bromine will increase while the partial pressure of POBr decreases. D) The partial pressure of bromine remains steady while the partial pressures of POBr<sub>3</sub> and POBr increase. E) The forward reaction will proceed to establish equilibrium. POBr(g) + Br2(g) is at equilibrium.Which of the following statements describes the behavior of the system if POBr is added to the container?


A) POBr will be consumed in order to establish a new equilibrium.
B) The partial pressures of POBr3 and POBr will remain steady while the partial pressure of bromine increases.
C) The partial pressure of bromine will increase while the partial pressure of POBr decreases.
D) The partial pressure of bromine remains steady while the partial pressures of POBr3 and POBr increase.
E) The forward reaction will proceed to establish equilibrium.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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When the following reaction is at equilibrium,which relationship is always true? 2NOCl(g) When the following reaction is at equilibrium,which relationship is always true? 2NOCl(g)    2NO(g) + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g)  A) [NO] [Cl<sub>2</sub>] = [NOCl] B) [NO]<sup>2</sup> [Cl<sub>2</sub>] = [NOCl]<sup>2</sup> C) [NOCl] = [NO] D) 2[NO] = [Cl<sub>2</sub>] E) [NO]<sup>2</sup> [Cl<sub>2</sub>] = K<sub>c</sub> [NOCl]<sup>2</sup> 2NO(g) + Cl2(g)


A) [NO] [Cl2] = [NOCl]
B) [NO]2 [Cl2] = [NOCl]2
C) [NOCl] = [NO]
D) 2[NO] = [Cl2]
E) [NO]2 [Cl2] = Kc [NOCl]2

F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

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Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decomposes according to the following equation. H2O2(l) → H2O(l) + ½O2(g) . What is KP for this reaction at 25°C? (ΔH° = -98.2 kJ/mol,ΔS° = 70.1 J/K • mol,R = 8.314 J/K• mol)


A) 1.3 × 10-21
B) 20.9
C) 3.46 × 1017
D) 7.4 × 1020
E) 8.6 × 104

F) C) and D)
G) All of the above

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In the gas phase,methyl isonitrile (CH3NC) isomerizes to acetonitrile (CH3CN) , H3C-N≡C(g) In the gas phase,methyl isonitrile (CH<sub>3</sub>NC) isomerizes to acetonitrile (CH<sub>3</sub>CN) , H<sub>3</sub>C-N≡C(g)    H<sub>3</sub>C-C≡N(g) with ΔH° = -89.5 kJ/mol and ΔG° = - 73.8 kJ/mol at 25°C.Find the equilibrium constant for this reaction at 100°C. A) 1.68 × 10<sup>-10</sup> B) 5.96 × 10<sup>9</sup> C) 2.16 × 10<sup>10</sup> D) 4.63 × 10<sup>-11</sup> E) 8.64 × 10<sup>12</sup> H3C-C≡N(g) with ΔH° = -89.5 kJ/mol and ΔG° = - 73.8 kJ/mol at 25°C.Find the equilibrium constant for this reaction at 100°C.


A) 1.68 × 10-10
B) 5.96 × 109
C) 2.16 × 1010
D) 4.63 × 10-11
E) 8.64 × 1012

F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

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