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Exam 12: Physical Properties of Solutions

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Question 1

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A saturated solution

A) contains more solute than solvent.
B) contains more solvent than solute.
C) contains equal moles of solute and solvent.
D) contains the maximum amount of solute that will dissolve in that solvent at that temperature.
E) contains a solvent with only sigma bonds and no pi bonds (i.e.only single bonds, with no double or triple bonds) .

F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

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Question 2

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Define solvation.

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Solvation is the process in wh...

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Question 3

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What is the mass percent CH₃OH of a 0.256 m CH₃OH(aq) solution.

In how many grams of water should 25.31 g of potassium nitrate (KNO₃) be dissolved to prepare a 0.1982 m solution?

What is the molarity of a solution of 10% by mass cadmium sulfate, CdSO₄ (molar mass = 208.46 g/mol) by mass? The density of the solution is 1.10 g/mL.

Plasma is the fluid portion of blood.The concentration of acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin, C₉H₈O₄, molar mass = 180.g/mol)in your plasma is found to be 2.99 * 10^-4 M after you take two tablets of aspirin.If the volume of your plasma is 5.85 L, what is the molality, m, of aspirin in your blood? (Assume density of plasma is 1.00 g/mL.)

In the course of research, a chemist isolates a new compound with an empirical formula C₃H₃O₂. Dissolving 2.51 g of the compound in 100.g of water produces a solution with a freezing point of -0.325 ^$\circ$ C. What is the molecular formula of the compound? (For water, K_f = 1.86°C/m.)

Some KCl is dissolved in water 25°C, where it completely dissociates.The vapor pressure of pure water at 25°C is 28.3 mmHg. On the graph below, sketch the vapor pressure above the salt solution as a function of the mole fraction of H₂O, assuming that Raoult's law is obeyed. Explain how you arrived at your graph.

Calculate the molality of a 20.0% by mass ammonium sulfate (NH₄) ₂SO₄ solution. The density of the solution is 1.117 g/mL.

How many grams of sucrose (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁, 342.3 g/mol) would be needed to make 2.5 L of a solution with an osmotic pressure of 14 atm at 25°C? (R = 0.0821 L.atm/K.mol)

What is the molality of a 0.142 M Na₃PO₄(aq)solution that has a density of 1.015 g/mL?

How many grams of water are needed to dissolve 27.8 g of ammonium nitrate NH₄NO₃ in order to prepare a 0.452 m solution?

Which of the following gives the molarity of a 17.0% by mass solution of sodium acetate, CH₃COONa (molar mass = 82.0 g/mol) in water? The density of the solution is 1.09 g/mL.

The solubility of gases in water always decreases with increasing temperature.

Which of the following aqueous solutions has the highest boiling point? K_b for water is 0.52°C/m.

A solution of chloroform, CHCl₃, and acetone, (CH₃) ₂CO, exhibits a negative deviation from Raoult's law. This result implies that

What is the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared from 13.7 g of the electrolyte HCl and enough water to make 0.500 L of solution at 18°C?

To interconvert the concentration units molarity (M)and mass percent, you must also know the density of the solution.

A 100.-mL sample of water is taken from the Pacific Ocean, and the water is allowed to evaporate.The salts that remain (mostly NaCl)have a mass of 3.85 g.Calculate the original concentration of NaCl, in g per liter, in the water sample.

The solubility of gases in water usually decreases with