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The break-even point for a large grain farming operation was calculated to be 2 million bushels of corn.Break-even analysis would take place in which stage of the price-setting process?


A) identifying pricing objectives and constraints
B) determining cost, volume, and profit relationships
C) estimating demand and revenue
D) select an appropriate (approximate) price level
E) make special adjustments to list or quoted price

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

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To calculate _________, you would compute: (Unit price x Quantity sold) - (Fixed cost + Variable cost) .


A) profit
B) total revenue
C) marginal revenue
D) average revenue
E) break-even point

F) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

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Elastic demand exists when a(n)


A) a small percentage decrease in price produces a smaller percentage increase in quantity demanded and total revenue falls.
B) a small increase in price results in a relatively large decrease in demand.
C) a small percentage decrease in price produces a larger percentage increase in quantity demanded and total revenue increases.
D) an increase in price causes a larger increase in quantity demanded and total revenue falls to zero.
E) a small percentage decrease in price produces a smaller percentage decrease in quantity demanded and total revenue increases.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and C)

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Forever Quilting is a small company that makes quilting kits priced at $120.The costs of the materials that go into each kit are $45.It costs $5 in labor to assemble a kit.The company has monthly expenses of $1,000 for rent and insurance, $200 for heat and electricity, $500 for advertising, and $4,500 for the monthly salary of its owner.Forever Quilting's unit variable cost for its kits is


A) $45.
B) $50.
C) $120.
D) $170.
E) $225.

F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Products such as disposable baby diapers usually have


A) inelastic demand.
B) elastic demand.
C) unitary demand.
D) null elasticity.
E) subsidized elasticity.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

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many segments of the market are price sensitive.


A) lowering the price has only a minor effect on increasing sales volume and reducing unit costs
B) the high initial prices do not attract competitors
C) a low initial price discourages competitors from entering the market
D) customers interpret high prices as signifying high quality
E) customers are willing to buy immediately at the high initial price

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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Skimming pricing refers to


A) setting the lowest initial price when introducing a new or innovative product in order to "skim" sales from competitors.
B) setting the highest initial price that customers really desiring the product are willing to pay, when introducing a new or innovative product.
C) setting the lowest initial price possible, skimming right above the point of profitability, in order to secure a larger market share.
D) purposely setting the highest price possible to repel the mass market and cultivate upper echelon buyers even though the actual value of the item is extremely small.
E) selling off the lowest producing products from a company's product line and turning them over to resellers to skim off any remaining profit potential.

F) All of the above
G) D) and E)

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Which of the following statements about the factors that influence demand is true?


A) As the availability of close substitutes increases, the demand for a product increases.
B) As real consumer income increases, demand for a product increases.
C) As the price of close substitutes increases, demand for a product declines.
D) Changing consumer tastes have little impact on demand for a product.
E) As real consumer income decreases, demand for a product increases.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Prestige pricing refers to


A) charging different prices to different buyers for goods of like grade and quality.
B) setting a high price so that quality-or status-conscious consumers will be attracted to the product and buy it.
C) setting a low initial price on a new product to appeal immediately to the mass market odd-even pricing.
D) setting a market price for product or product class oriented on a subjective feel for the competitors' price or market price as the benchmark.
E) setting a price that is dictated by tradition, a standardized channel of distribution, or other competitive factors.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

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You can buy a General Electric dishwasher for $399, or you can buy a similar sized under-the-counter Bosch brand dishwasher for $989.Since Bosch uses its pricing strategy to project a high-quality product image, it is most likely using __________ pricing.


A) bait and switch
B) standard markup
C) prestige
D) penetration
E) cost plus fixed-fee

F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Basic to setting a product's price is the extent of _________.This information is used in estimating the revenues the firm expects to receive.


A) management's commitment to the product, relative to other products in the line
B) curiosity or interest potential consumers expressed during market testing
C) customer demand for it
D) the firm's promotional budget
E) distribution requirements

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Which of the following statements regarding odd-even pricing is most accurate?


A) Odd-even pricing is designed to give the consumer a better set of pricing alternatives.
B) Odd-even pricing can be used in conjunction with a skimming strategy, but should not be used with a penetration strategy.
C) Odd-even pricing does not work if the product is health care related.
D) Overuse of odd-ending prices tends to mute its effect on demand.
E) Odd-ending prices are best used with large ticket items; it loses its effectiveness with moderate to low ticket items.

F) B) and E)
G) All of the above

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Inelastic demand exists when


A) a small percentage increase in price produces a smaller percentage decrease in quantity demanded and total revenue falls.
B) a small percentage decrease in price produces a smaller percentage increase in quantity demanded and total revenue falls.
C) an increase in price causes a larger increase in quantity demanded and total revenue falls to zero.
D) the quantity demanded remains the same regardless of level of price and total revenue is unchanged.
E) a small percentage decrease in price produces a smaller percentage decrease in quantity demanded and total revenue increases.

F) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

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At a price of $3 each, SH Λ\Lambda PE magazine sells 1.25 million copies of its magazine targeted to young women seeking a healthier lifestyle.If the price per issue is increased to $3.25 each, only 1 million copies will be sold.For the information provided, the price elasticity of demand for SH Λ\Lambda PE magazine in this price range can be described as


A) inelastic demand.
B) elastic demand.
C) unitary demand.
D) null elasticity.
E) subsidized elasticity.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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