Question 1

What hypothesis were the researchers testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  That harvesting larger fish would increase the size of fish in future generations
B)  That harvesting fish randomly would decrease the size of fish in future generations
C)  That harvesting larger fish would decrease the size of fish in future generations
D)  That harvesting fish randomly would increase the size of fish in future generations
E)  That slot limits would decrease the size of fish in future generationsF) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 2

Darwin made which observation while on his four-year voyage on the Beagle?

Accepted Answer

A)  More individuals of a population are born than survive to reproduce
B)  Populations grow constantly
C)  Organisms are varied and some variations are inherited
D)  An individual's chance of survival is random
E)  Species do not appear to change over timeF) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 3

One concern of conservation biologists is that endangered species will have low genetic diversity due to a small population size.Why is this a concern?

Accepted Answer

A)  Because individuals in small populations acquire mutations more slowly than those in large populations
B)  Because sexual selection is stronger in small populations
C)  Because if the environment changes, individuals will not be able to change their alleles and survive
D)  Because if a disease occurs in the population there may not be organisms with resistant alleles
E)  Because allele frequencies are lower in smaller populationsF) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 4

Carriers of cystic fibrosis have some protection against intestinal infections such as cholera.However,people with two copies of the cystic fibrosis allele develop a life-threatening disease.The mutant allele is very common in people of northern European descent because of:

Accepted Answer

A)  Disruptive selection
B)  Directional selection
C)  Artificial selection
D)  Sexual selection
E)  Stabilizing selectionF) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 5

A gradual change from an ancestral type was referred to by Darwin as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Uniformitarianism
B)  Descent with modification
C)  Catastrophism
D)  Convergent evolution
E)  Principle of superpositionF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 6

Evolution occurs in individuals,not populations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 7

The French taxonomist,who in 1809 was the first scientist to suggest that organisms that use one part of their body repeatedly would increase their abilities,was:

Accepted Answer

A)  Charles Darwin
B)  James Hutton
C)  Jean Lamarck
D)  Georges Buffon
E)  Charles LyellF) A) and B)
G) A) and E) C

Question 8

An organism's phenotype is:

Accepted Answer

A)  The action of single genes
B)  Its observable properties
C)  Not influenced by environment
D)  Determined by traits acquired over the life of the organism
E)  All are correctF) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 9

Farmers and horticulturalists bred broccoli,cauliflower,kale,and cabbage from the wild mustard plant through _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  Artificial selection
B)  Evolution
C)  Genetic drift
D)  Natural selection
E)  Sexual selectionF) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 10

Since the conditions needed for the Hardy-Weinberg principle do not occur in real populations,this principle has no importance in population studies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Figure 11.21 
-What was the independent variable in Figure 11.21?

Accepted Answer

A)  The mean weight of harvested fish
B)  The generation
C)  The age of the fish
D)  The size at which the fish were harvested
E)  The species of fishF) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 12

A population declines when:

Accepted Answer

A)  Death rate exceeds reproductive rate
B)  Reproductive rate exceeds death rate
C)  Reproductive and death rates are equal
D)  Smaller animals are selectively removed
E)  Animals are removed randomlyF) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 13

Natural populations usually fulfill the conditions needed for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The mode of natural selection in which extreme phenotypes are less fit than the optimal intermediate phenotype is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Directive selection
B)  Disruptive selection
C)  Stabilizing selection
D)  Artificial selection
E)  Convergent selectionF) B) and E)
G) None of the above C

Question 15

In 1785,the theory of uniformitarianism was proposed by:

Accepted Answer

A)  James Hutton
B)  Charles Darwin
C)  Georges Cuvier
D)  Georges Buffon
E)  Charles LyellF) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 16

Artificial selection is responsible for many breeds of dogs and cats.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Alleles conferring red plumage to cardinal males are common because red plumage:

Accepted Answer

A)  Makes males less susceptible to predation
B)  Is helpful in attracting prey
C)  Is preferred by female cardinals in choosing a mate
D)  Allows male cardinals to easily identify each other
E)  Is an example of genetic driftF) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 18

The mode of natural selection in which two or more extreme phenotypes are fitter than the intermediate phenotype is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Directive selection
B)  Stabilizing selection
C)  Disruptive selection
D)  Artificial selection
E)  Convergent selectionF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 19

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation,p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1.If the dominant allele frequency is 0.8 what percent of the population will be heterozygous?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.32
B)  0.16
C)  0.64
D)  0.04
E)  0.40F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 20

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation,p + q = 1,p and q represent the frequency of alleles in a population of diploid organisms if:

Accepted Answer

A)  Two or more alleles exist for that gene
B)  Two or more genes are needed to express a trait
C)  Only two alleles exist for that gene
D)  The trait is polygenic
E)  Only one allele exists for that geneF) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Exam 11: The Forces of Evolutionary Change

What hypothesis were the researchers testing?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Darwin made which observation while on his four-year voyage on the Beagle?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One concern of conservation biologists is that endangered species will have low genetic diversity due to a small population size.Why is this a concern?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carriers of cystic fibrosis have some protection against intestinal infections such as cholera.However,people with two copies of the cystic fibrosis allele develop a life-threatening disease.The mutant allele is very common in people of northern European descent because of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A gradual change from an ancestral type was referred to by Darwin as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Evolution occurs in individuals,not populations.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

The French taxonomist,who in 1809 was the first scientist to suggest that organisms that use one part of their body repeatedly would increase their abilities,was:

Correct AnswerverifiedC

An organism's phenotype is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Farmers and horticulturalists bred broccoli,cauliflower,kale,and cabbage from the wild mustard plant through _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Since the conditions needed for the Hardy-Weinberg principle do not occur in real populations,this principle has no importance in population studies.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figure 11.21 -What was the independent variable in Figure 11.21?

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A population declines when:

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Natural populations usually fulfill the conditions needed for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The mode of natural selection in which extreme phenotypes are less fit than the optimal intermediate phenotype is:

Correct AnswerverifiedC

In 1785,the theory of uniformitarianism was proposed by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Artificial selection is responsible for many breeds of dogs and cats.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alleles conferring red plumage to cardinal males are common because red plumage:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The mode of natural selection in which two or more extreme phenotypes are fitter than the intermediate phenotype is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation,p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1.If the dominant allele frequency is 0.8 what percent of the population will be heterozygous?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation,p + q = 1,p and q represent the frequency of alleles in a population of diploid organisms if:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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False

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C

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C

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In the Hardy-Weinberg equation,p² + 2pq + q² = 1.If the dominant allele frequency is 0.8 what percent of the population will be heterozygous?

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