Question 1

Which of the following terms is used to describe the mutually regulated interactions between parents and infants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Other-conscious
B)  Innate
C)  Regulated
D)  SynchronousE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Which of the following is a characteristic of reciprocal socialization?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is bidirectional.
B)  It is asynchronous.
C)  It is nontransactional.
D)  It is harmful to infants.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 3

John Bowlby argued that infants develop a(n) _____ model of attachment.

Accepted Answer

A)  external working
B)  internal working
C)  external passive
D)  internal passiveE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

According to developmental psychologists,the best time to soothe an infant is:

Accepted Answer

A)  right after they have become mildly distressed.
B)  right after they have become severely distressed.
C)  right before the infant gets into an intense,agitated state.
D)  the next day,because the infant is likely to be calm by then.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Juan has been showing marked increase in his imitative and reciprocal play; he goes around imitating nonverbal actions like jumping and running.Juan is probably:

Accepted Answer

A)  around 6 months old.
B)  between 6 and 9 months old.
C)  between 12 and 18 months old.
D)  between 18 and 24 months old.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Natalie is in the Strange Situation,and she clings anxiously to her caregiver.She does not explore the playroom.She would most likely be classified as:

Accepted Answer

A)  securely attached.
B)  insecure disorganized.
C)  insecure resistant.
D)  insecure avoidant.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 7

Most of the _____ emotions occur for the first time at some point in the second half of the first year through the second year.

Accepted Answer

A)  unconscious
B)  primary
C)  negative
D)  self-consciousE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 8

Two-month-old Trey is crying loudly.It is a sudden long,initial loud cry followed by breath holding.This type of cry indicates that Trey is:

Accepted Answer

A)  experiencing pain.
B)  experiencing embarrassment.
C)  very angry.
D)  very hungry.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 9

A criticism of _____ theory is that it ignores the diversity of socializing agents and contexts that exist in an infant's world.

Accepted Answer

A)  developmental cascades
B)  social cognitive
C)  attachment
D)  psychoanalyticE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 10

What is the significant finding of Harlow's experiments on monkeys reared by surrogate mothers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Contact comfort is not the crucial element in the attachment process.
B)  Feeding is the crucial element in the attachment process.
C)  Contact comfort is the crucial element in the attachment process.
D)  Feeding and contact comfort are equally important in the attachment process.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

Which of the following statements about self-conscious emotions is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are emotions that are present in humans and other animals.
B)  These emotions appear in the first six months of the infant's development.
C)  They include emotions like surprise,interest,joy,anger,sadness,fear,and disgust.
D)  They involve the emotional reactions of others when they are generated.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 12

Infants show _____ when they are in familiar settings.

Accepted Answer

A)  more stranger anxiety
B)  no separation protest
C)  less stranger anxiety
D)  more separation protestE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Jerome Kagan and other developmentalists stress that _____ play(s) more important roles in a child's social competence than the attachment theorists,such as Bowlby and Ainsworth,are willing to acknowledge.

Accepted Answer

A)  the child's genetic characteristics and temperament
B)  the quality of parenting
C)  security of attachment to a primary caregiver
D)  diversity of social contexts in which the child participatesE) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE of social smiling?

Accepted Answer

A)  It does not occur in response to external stimuli.
B)  It appears during the first month after birth.
C)  It usually appears during sleep.
D)  The external stimulus is typically a face,in the case of young infants.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 15

Briefly describe the four phases of attachment as identified by John Bowlby.

Accepted Answer

According to Bowlby,attachment does not ...

Question 16

An inhibited temperament has been associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)  Low thyroxine levels
B)  Stable heart rate
C)  High level of the hormone cortisol
D)  High activity in the right frontal lobe of the brainE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

The _____ mandated a paid 14-week maternity leave in 1992.

Accepted Answer

A)  United Nations
B)  United States
C)  European Union
D)  WHOE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 18

In North America,parents tend to prefer children with a(n) _____ temperament,whereas in China,a(n) _____ temperament is more highly valued.

Accepted Answer

A)  active; inhibited
B)  inhibited; active
C)  inner focused; outward focused
D)  outward focused; inner focusedE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

In the game peek-a-boo,the mother initially covers the baby.Then she removes the cover and registers "surprise" at the infant's reappearance.This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  sociability.
B)  scaffolding.
C)  emotionality.
D)  disorganized attachment.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Anthony is just starting to crawl and has taken to following his mother around the house.He also lifts his arms up to her when he wants to be picked up.According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment,which phase is Anthony currently in?

Accepted Answer

A)  Phase 1
B)  Phase 2
C)  Phase 4
D)  Phase 3E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Exam 4: Socioemotional Development in Infancy

A criticism of _____ theory is that it ignores the diversity of socializing agents and contexts that exist in an infant's world.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

John Bowlby argued that infants develop a(n) _____ model of attachment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jerome Kagan and other developmentalists stress that _____ play(s) more important roles in a child's social competence than the attachment theorists,such as Bowlby and Ainsworth,are willing to acknowledge.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An inhibited temperament has been associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The _____ mandated a paid 14-week maternity leave in 1992.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to developmental psychologists,the best time to soothe an infant is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Briefly describe the four phases of attachment as identified by John Bowlby.

Correct AnswerverifiedAccording to Bowlby,attachment does not ...View AnswerShow Answer

Anthony is just starting to crawl and has taken to following his mother around the house.He also lifts his arms up to her when he wants to be picked up.According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment,which phase is Anthony currently in?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a characteristic of reciprocal socialization?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Infants show _____ when they are in familiar settings.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Natalie is in the Strange Situation,and she clings anxiously to her caregiver.She does not explore the playroom.She would most likely be classified as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the game peek-a-boo,the mother initially covers the baby.Then she removes the cover and registers "surprise" at the infant's reappearance.This is an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the significant finding of Harlow's experiments on monkeys reared by surrogate mothers?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following terms is used to describe the mutually regulated interactions between parents and infants?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In North America,parents tend to prefer children with a(n) _____ temperament,whereas in China,a(n) _____ temperament is more highly valued.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two-month-old Trey is crying loudly.It is a sudden long,initial loud cry followed by breath holding.This type of cry indicates that Trey is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Juan has been showing marked increase in his imitative and reciprocal play; he goes around imitating nonverbal actions like jumping and running.Juan is probably:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about self-conscious emotions is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is TRUE of social smiling?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most of the _____ emotions occur for the first time at some point in the second half of the first year through the second year.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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According to Bowlby,attachment does not ...
View Answer

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In North America,parents tend to prefer children with a(n) _ temperament,whereas in China,a(n) _ temperament is more highly valued.

Correct Answer
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