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According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development,during which of the following stages do people pursue their own interests but also let others do the same?


A) Social contract or utility and individual rights
B) Individualism,instrumental purpose,and exchange
C) Punishment and obedience orientation
D) Social systems morality

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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A person is arrested for stealing company documents and says,"Yes,I did steal the documents,and I am willing to go to jail for it.These documents prove that the company was engaging in a cover-up of the unsafe properties of its chemical.I think the public has a right to know about it." Lawrence Kohlberg would classify this person as using _____ reasoning.


A) conventional
B) unconventional
C) preconventional
D) postconventional

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Individuals with a(n) _____ mindset believe their qualities can change and improve through their effort.


A) variable
B) apathetic
C) open
D) growth

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Researchers have found that family management practices are positively related to:


A) students' grades and self-responsibility.
B) emotional and behavioral problems.
C) lack of autonomy.
D) school-related problems.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Students with _____ endorse such statements as "I know that I will be able to learn the material in this class" and "I expect to be able to do well at this activity."


A) high self-efficacy
B) high self-esteem
C) low self-efficacy
D) low self-esteem

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following was NOT listed as an important change in the emotional development of school-age children?


A) Improved emotional understanding
B) Reacting impulsively
C) The use of self-initiated strategies for redirecting feelings
D) A capacity for genuine empathy

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Recent studies found that _____ was a protective factor for children growing up in low-socioeconomic-status conditions.


A) self-regulation.
B) self-esteem.
C) self-efficacy.
D) self-concept.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following has NOT been linked to consequences associated with cyberbullying?


A) Suicidal ideation
B) Higher self-esteem
C) Stress
D) Depression

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Recent research indicates that _____ percent of victims and their bullies are in the same school classroom.


A) 10 to 20
B) 30 to 40
C) 50 to 60
D) 70 to 80

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following is NOT a function of childhood friendships?


A) Companionship
B) Cultural regulation
C) Social comparison
D) Intimacy/affection

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Chinese-American immigrant children who have been exposed to authoritarian parenting show all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:


A) High self-esteem
B) Aggressive behavior
C) Depression
D) Poor social skills

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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At which stage of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development does a person understand that values,rights,and principles undergird or transcend the law?


A) Individualism,instrumental purpose,and exchange
B) Mutual interpersonal expectations,relationships,and interpersonal conformity
C) Social systems morality
D) Social contract or utility and individual rights

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Carol Dweck defines this as the cognitive view individuals develop for themselves.

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At what age do children begin to express objective ideas about fairness?


A) At around 4 years
B) At around 6 years
C) At around 8 years
D) At around 10 years

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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More than 80 percent of the respondents to a survey said that buying a stolen television set is morally wrong.Yet 50 percent admitted they would buy a stolen set if guaranteed they would not be caught.These data indicate:


A) preconventional moral reasoning.
B) that social prohibitions are more potent than moral ones.
C) that purchasing stolen property is an accepted social convention.
D) that for many people,moral belief does not predict moral behavior.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following is TRUE regarding the differences in helping behavior of males versus females?


A) Females are helpful irrespective of the situation.
B) Males are more helpful when the context is masculine in nature.
C) Males are more likely to engage in caregiving behavior.
D) Females are more likely to help when the other person involved is a female.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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The third level of Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral reasoning.At this (the highest)level,morality is more internal.

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Postconven...

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One area of math in which boys were found to be better at is:


A) advanced calculus.
B) numeracy skills.
C) visuospatial skills.
D) computation skills.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Pham,a fifth grader,just gave a report in front of the class.After his report some of the students made fun of him.Although Pham was angry and upset,he did not react to his classmates.Pham is exhibiting:


A) cognitive growth.
B) physical growth.
C) emotional growth.
D) biological growth.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following is TRUE of schools in low-income areas?


A) They have higher attendance compared to schools in high-income areas.
B) Federal and state governments actively participate in the facilitation and assessment of the curricula.
C) They have very high graduation rates.
D) Teaching is more likely to encourage rote learning.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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