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Short-staple cotton


A) helped to keep the South a predominantly agricultural region.
B) was only grown in the coastal regions of the upper South.
C) was more susceptible to disease than long-staple cotton.
D) was easier to process than long-staple cotton.
E) was less coarse than long-staple cotton.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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In the late 1850s,many of the great landholders of the lower South were


A) former Old World aristocrats that emigrated from Europe.
B) still first-generation settlers.
C) rooted to one plantation for many generations.
D) part of a wealthy leisure class.
E) from longstanding aristocratic families.

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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It was common for slaves to hold an entirely hostile attitude toward their owners.

A) True
B) False

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By the time of the Civil War,cotton constituted nearly ________ of the total export trade of the United States.


A) two-thirds
B) half
C) one-fourth
D) one-tenth
E) one-third

F) B) and D)
G) C) and E)

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Regarding religion,American slaves


A) shunned Christianity in favor of the polytheistic traditions of Africa.
B) were usually not allowed to attend a church at all.
C) had mostly converted to Islam by the early nineteenth century.
D) often incorporated African features into their Christianity.
E) were expected to worship in black churches separate from whites.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

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The nuclear family was the dominant kinship model among the slaves of the South.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following is true of American slave families in the antebellum South?


A) Up to one-third of families were broken apart by the sale of family members.
B) Blacks typically had weaker family ties than did whites, due to the uncertainties of their lives.
C) A child of a slave could not be sold after he or she had reached three years of age.
D) Newly arrived slaves to a plantation were often shunned by the black community.
E) Most slaves who ran away did so to avoid punishment.

F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Explain why the southern economy remained largely agricultural during the first half of the nineteenth century.

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The southern economy remained largely ag...

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The "peculiar institution" was a southern reference to


A) the plantation.
B) manufacturing.
C) capitalism.
D) slavery.
E) democracy.

F) A) and E)
G) All of the above

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To "manumit" means to


A) set free.
B) deny.
C) purchase.
D) punish.
E) work by hand.

F) D) and E)
G) A) and C)

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The historian who wrote "The South [prior to the Civil War] grew,but did not develop" meant that


A) the South had created a prosperous plantation system but had not expanded its borders.
B) the South had expanded as a geographic region but had developed little prosperity.
C) agriculture remained the leading industry of the South, but the plantation system was declining.
D) the southern population increased, but new technology had bypassed the region.
E) the South had failed to move from an agrarian to an industrial economy.

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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E

Describe the lives of most free blacks in the South and how they changed over the half-century leading up to the Civil War.

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The lives of most free blacks in the Sou...

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A runaway slave making a successful escape from the American South was


A) impossible.
B) unlikely.
C) highly likely.
D) likely.
E) highly unlikely.

F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

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E

Prior to 1860,free blacks in the South


A) increased in number in the 1850s, as laws encouraged owners to free "surplus" slaves.
B) were required by law to leave the South.
C) were concentrated in the Deep South.
D) avoided urban centers such as New Orleans or Natchez, where they might attract attention.
E) occasionally attained wealth and prominence and owned slaves themselves.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

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The New Orleans magazine publisher,James D.B.De Bow,championed


A) southern commercial and agricultural growth.
B) southern economic independence from the North.
C) closer economic ties with the North,and southern commercial and agricultural growth.
D) southern economic independence from the North,and southern commercial and agricultural growth.
E) closer economic ties with the North.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

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B

Most enslaved black couples married with formal wedding vows.

A) True
B) False

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Southern,white,lower-class resentment of the aristocratic system was most likely to be found in


A) the Deep South.
B) the cities.
C) the upper South.
D) river and ocean port towns.
E) the mountain regions.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The name given to the effort by whites and blacks to help runaway slaves escape was the


A) Fugitive Slave Act.
B) Frederick Douglass road.
C) Cumberland passage.
D) Second Middle Passage.
E) underground railroad.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

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For the most part,slaves rejected Christianity.

A) True
B) False

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During the first half of the nineteenth century,the "cotton kingdom"


A) still had not adopted the cotton gin, despite the time and resources that could be saved.
B) did not rely on large numbers of slaves imported directly from Africa.
C) was the dominant source of the income of the lower South.
D) saw wealthy planters outnumber small planters.
E) was already losing ground to other staples, such as rice and tobacco.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

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