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From the time of initial colonial contact to the close of the nineteenth century,the relationship between Native Americans and white Americans was marked by a high degree of violence by whites toward Natives.What were the popular ideas and cultural beliefs found in white American society that motivated this violence?

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The popular ideas and cultural beliefs f...

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In the 1870s,nearly one out of every eighty miners was killed on the job.

A) True
B) False

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During the mid-nineteenth century,Hispanics living in California


A) saw an expansion in the power of californios.
B) joined with white Americans to drive out Indians.
C) increasingly became part of the state's middle class.
D) lost ownership of large areas of lands.
E) attempted to revive the Spanish mission society.

F) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

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Describe and assess the evolution of white American attitudes and policy toward American Indian groups in the last half of the nineteenth century.

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In the last half of the nineteenth centu...

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The decimation of American buffalo herds in the late nineteenth century


A) was accelerated by the booming new market for buffalo hide.
B) was fostered by the railroad companies.
C) destroyed the ability of Plains Indians to resist the advance of white settlers.
D) happened almost entirely in the space of two decades.
E) All these answers are correct.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Women in nineteenth-century western mining towns


A) often greatly outnumbered the men.
B) often found work doing domestic tasks.
C) generally worked as miners.
D) had few economic opportunities outside of prostitution.
E) were nearly all single when they first arrived.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

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The town that reigned as the railhead of the cattle kingdom for many years was


A) Omaha, Nebraska.
B) Dallas, Texas.
C) Deadwood, South Dakota.
D) Sedalia, Missouri.
E) Abilene, Kansas.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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By 1880,more than 200,000 Chinese had settled in the United States.

A) True
B) False

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In the mid-nineteenth century,the Plains Indians were


A) not as vulnerable to disease as eastern tribes.
B) mostly sedentary farmers.
C) among the least aggressive of all American Indians.
D) the most widespread Indian groups in the West.
E) usually able to unite against white aggression.

F) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

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In the late nineteenth century,the popular image of the American West


A) was promoted by the Rocky Mountain school.
B) both presented a heroic image of cowboys, and was promoted by the Rocky Mountain school.
C) presented a heroic image of cowboys.
D) perceived the region to be a place offering true freedom.
E) All these answers are correct.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

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The Rocky Mountain school of painting


A) emphasized the primitive art of Indians and other indigenous peoples.
B) helped inspire the growth of tourism in the West.
C) marked a sharp departure from the artistic style of the Hudson River Valley painters.
D) first gained popular acceptance in the early twentieth century.
E) was a significant influence on the abstract art that would soon flourish in Europe.

F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

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Commercial farmers in the Midwest and West were forced to become self-sufficient.

A) True
B) False

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Mining in the West


A) saw individual prospectors move in first, followed by corporations.
B) saw corporations move in first, followed by individual prospectors.
C) kept ranchers and farmers from establishing their own economic base.
D) flourished until the 1930s.
E) did not see any great mineral strikes until after the Civil War.

F) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

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Buffalo Bill Cody's Wild West shows


A) ignored the fact that Cody had never actually lived in the West himself.
B) showed the realities of life on the frontier.
C) proved to be popular in Europe as well as the United States.
D) did not include representations of Indians.
E) often competed against those of sharpshooter Annie Oakley.

F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

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What was Frederick Jackson Turner's "frontier thesis," and what are the criticisms of it?

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The western farmers' first and most burning grievance was against


A) the railroads.
B) state governments.
C) eastern manufacturers.
D) the banks.
E) crop speculators.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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Plains Indians were formidable foes of white settlers because they were usually able to present a united front.

A) True
B) False

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,the American cowboy was


A) castigated for his poor relations with Indians, Mexicans, and Chinese.
B) seen as fast disappearing, as urbanization spread west.
C) portrayed as a simple and virtuous frontiersman.
D) lamented as having lost his innocence and decency.
E) criticized for being too quick to use violence.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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What deep-rooted American ideals and beliefs are found in the mythic status of western cowboys?

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