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Exam 6: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood

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Question 41

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Which of the following is TRUE about lower-SES parents in the United States and most Western cultures?

A) They are less likely to use physical punishment as discipline.
B) They are more concerned with developing children's initiative and delay of gratification.
C) They are more concerned that their children conform to society's expectations.
D) They are less directive and more conversational with their children.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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Question 42

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Barbara saw her son get embarrassed and feel guilty because he dropped a plate of food. She took him in another room and talked about paying attention and asking for help when he needs it. She talked to him about making an apology and helped him decide what he wanted to say. Barbara is an:

A) emotion-facilitator parent.
B) emotion-supportive parent.
C) emotion-coaching parent.
D) emotion-encouraging parent.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Question 43

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Describe Erik Erikson's stage of initiative versus guilt.

When Brianna is upset her mother facilitates open discussion about why she is upset and helps her figure out how to deal with the negative emotions. Therefore, Brianna's mother takes an _____ approach to parenting.

Which of the following refers to activities engaged in for pleasure that include rules and often involve competition with one or more individuals?

Describe the reasons for and against the value or harm of parents staying in an unhappy or conflicted marriage for the sake of their children.

As a child Jackson was helpful, conforming to the adults around him, and more self-controlled than his siblings. He was outstanding in school, both in terms of grades and taking on ambitious challenges. Jackson fits the classic stereotype of a:

When asked to describe his parenting style, Juan stated, "In my house, my word is the law. If you break the law, then you pay the consequences. That's how you learn." Juan is probably a(n) :

Which of the following is NOT linked to a mother's emotion-coaching approach to helping children regulate their emotions?

In a study of maltreating mothers and their one-year-olds, all of the following strategies were found to be effective in reducing child maltreatment EXCEPT:

According to Erik Erikson, children's initiative and enthusiasm will bring rewards when things work well and guilt when things do not work well; thus, _____ is also a factor in this stage.

Which of the following was found to be the most common parental response when siblings between the ages of two and five are in a conflictual situation?

Emotional regulation is a foundational part of developing:

Cory is living with his older sister. She continually tells him that he's stupid, clumsy, and a lot of trouble to take care of. Even when Cory tries to be good, she'll find something wrong with anything he does. He is living with _____, and likely to start showing emotional and behavioral problems.

Working-class and low-income families, along with families in rural areas of many countries, are more likely to practice a(n) _____ parenting style.

Lower-SES parents:

Most children have a sense of being female or male by about _____ years of age.

Compare and contrast the three major social theories of gender. Which theory would best explain the influence of social media on gender? Give two reasons for your choice.

Why are young children's self-descriptions typically unrealistically positive?

Gender _____ involves a sense of one's own gender, whereas gender _____ are the expectations about how gender shapes the way one should think, act, and feel.