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The number of fat cells a person has is determined by


A) lifestyle.
B) age.
C) gender.
D) genetics.

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Discuss strategies for making successful and permanent changes in body composition.

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Making successful and permanent changes ...

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People who gain weight in the ________ are at greater risk for high blood pressure, diabetes, early-onset heart disease, stroke, certain cancers, and mortality.


A) thighs
B) hips
C) abdomen
D) buttocks

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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According to a study by the National Center for Health Statistics, overweight people had a higher death rate from all causes than did people of normal weight.

A) True
B) False

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What is one possible explanation for the increase in obesity among Americans over the past 40 years?


A) fewer meals eaten outside the home
B) less time spent in sedentary work
C) lower consumption of fast food
D) increased portion sizes

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Through a combination of diet and exercise, the vast majority of Americans can achieve the "ideal body" presented by the media.

A) True
B) False

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Why do women have a higher proportion of essential fat than men?


A) Women have essential fat deposited in gender-specific sites.
B) Women have lower metabolic rates.
C) Women have less muscle tissue.
D) Women tend to expend less energy in physical activity.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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List and describe three techniques for estimating percent body fat.

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1. Skinfold measurements: This technique...

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In addition to checking your weight, a good way to track progress toward your target body composition is by focusing on how much energy you have and how your clothes fit.

A) True
B) False

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A person's skinfold measurements often differ between the morning and the evening due to


A) relaxation of the muscles as the day progresses.
B) the intake of calories during the day.
C) changes in the amount of water in the body.
D) an increase in the amount of oxygen in the blood.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Because it necessarily involves complex equipment, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) must be done in a laboratory or other scientific facility.

A) True
B) False

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False

The "apple shape" (fat stored in the upper regions of the body, particularly the abdomen) is common among men and postmenopausal women.

A) True
B) False

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True

People's ability to change their body composition is limited by heredity.

A) True
B) False

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Athletes, serious weight trainers, and people of short stature should use BMI as their primary means of assessing whether their weight is at healthy levels.

A) True
B) False

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According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the World Health Organization (WHO) , a BMI of about ________ is considered normal and healthy.


A) 15.1 to 19.9
B) 18.5 to 24.9
C) 25.9 to 29.1
D) 29.5 to 35.4

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Body weight is generally not a useful method for tracking progress in a program to change body composition.

A) True
B) False

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Most of the fat in the body is stored in fat cells called adipose tissue.

A) True
B) False

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A disease often associated with excess body weight is


A) pneumonia.
B) hypertension.
C) diabetes.
D) influenza.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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C

Which statement is true?


A) Body fat is easier to measure than body weight is.
B) Body weight, rather than body fat, is the more accurate measure of body composition.
C) Body fat is a more accurate measure of body composition than body weight is.
D) Body weight measurements differentiate between overweight and overfat.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) uses a magnetic field to measure lean body mass.

A) True
B) False

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