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Brain death occurs when


A) all electrical activity of the brain has ceased for a specified period of time.
B) a person remains unconscious for a specified period of time.
C) only the lower regions of the brain stop functioning.
D) the body loses the ability to breathe on its own.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following is Kübler-Ross' fifth stage of dying?


A) depression
B) acceptance
C) bargaining
D) anger

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following is an example of active euthanasia?


A) injecting a lethal dose of a drug to a terminally ill patient
B) turning off the respirator of a comatose patient
C) removing a heart-lung machine of an individual in a vegetative state
D) stopping the supply of antibiotics to a person with a viral infection

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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What do studies say of the American attitude toward euthanasia after the Terri Schiavo incident?


A) The general public and experts entirely agree on the precise boundaries of implementing the practice of euthanasia.
B) General population favors active euthanasia.
C) There is a trend toward accepting passive euthanasia in cases of terminally ill patients.
D) The inflammatory argument of equating the practice of euthanasia with suicide has increased substantially.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Wilma is considering hospice care for her elderly father. She reaches out to a few hospice care agencies to know more about this program. She is aware that the idea behind this program is to make the end of life for a patient as free from pain, anxiety, and depression as possible and not to find a cure for an illness. The agencies inform her about another important purpose of this program. In this scenario, which of the following is most likely a purpose of hospice care?


A) to eliminate Americans' fear of death
B) to provide high-quality medical intervention in a homelike setting
C) to aid dying patients to face death with dignity
D) to reduce wasteful expenditures on aggressive medical treatments for patients with little hope of survival

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Irene, a terminally ill cancer patient, has finally accepted the certainty of her death. Now, she refuses to have any visitors in her hospital room and spends most of her time crying and grieving. In this scenario, Irene is most likely in which of the following stages of dying?


A) anger
B) acceptance
C) bargaining
D) depression

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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________ is the emotional numbness, disbelief, separation anxiety, despair, sadness, and loneliness that accompany the loss of a loved one.


A) Grief
B) Anger
C) Obsession
D) Denial

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following statements is an accurate criticism of Kübler-Ross' theory of dying?


A) She underestimates the amount of time people stay in the anger stage.
B) She did not consider that men and women go through each stage differently.
C) She did not demonstrate the existence of the five-stage sequence.
D) She ignored that most people do not realize they are dying.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Angelique is in the final stage of breast cancer. Her latest reports indicate that the cancer cells have spread to her lungs and other organs. She knows that she does not have a chance to fight this battle and hence accepts the fact that she will die in a couple of weeks. She requests her doctor to end her life painlessly through medication as she is not able to bear the pain. Which of the following acts is Angelique requesting her doctor to perform?


A) aphasia
B) asphyxia
C) euthanasia
D) dysthanasia

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Who was the theorist to first propose a five-stage model of dying, which begins with denial and ends with acceptance of death?

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Elisabeth ...

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Kübler-Ross describes the ________ stage as the end of the dying struggle.


A) anger
B) acceptance
C) bargaining
D) depression

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following is true of reactions of widowed individuals following the death of a spouse?


A) Most tend to get back to normal life after a brief grieving period.
B) They were likely to intensify their religious and spiritual beliefs.
C) They were keen to get back into marital relations as early as possible.
D) Most of them experienced prolonged grief periods and developed depressive symptoms.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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In the context of Kübler-Ross' stages of dying, in the ________ stage, the dying person recognizes that denial can no longer be maintained.


A) anger
B) bargaining
C) acceptance
D) isolation

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following statements is true of assisted suicide?


A) Canada was the first country to give legal status to assisted suicide.
B) In some states of the United States where assisted suicide is illegal, the crime is typically considered manslaughter or a felony.
C) The U.S. government has an official policy on assisted suicide, and it decides the legality of assisted suicide in any state.
D) Assisted suicide is legal in Europe except in Switzerland, Luxemburg, and Belgium.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following was considered to be a clear sign of death in the past?


A) a flat EEG (electroencephalogram)
B) moderate brain stem function
C) lack of higher cortical brain function
D) rigor mortis

E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

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Naomi and Carla are first-year medical students. They are currently learning about the brain and its functions. Naomi is of the opinion that the cortical death definition should be adopted as the criterion for death. However, Carla disagrees with her. Which of the following statements best explains why Carla disagrees with Naomi?


A) The cortical function areas of the brain monitor the heartbeat and respiration. If the cortical death definition were adopted, then physicians could declare a person dead as soon as the heartbeat and respiration stop.
B) The functions one associates with being human, such as intelligence and personality, are located in the lower brain stem areas. Physicians believe that when these functions are lost, the "human being" is no longer alive.
C) If the cortical death definition were adopted, then physicians could declare that a person is dead when there is no cortical functioning in that person, even though the lower brain stem is functioning.
D) Individuals whose higher brain areas have died will not be able to breathe and have a heartbeat.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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________ describes an individual's grief over a deceased person that is a socially ambiguous loss and cannot be openly mourned or supported.


A) Complicated grief
B) Prolonged grief
C) Extended grief
D) Disenfranchised grief

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following was considered to be clear signs of death 25 years ago?


A) a flat EEG (electroencephalogram) reading for a specified period of time
B) the end of certain biological functions such as breathing
C) the end of electrical activity in the brain
D) the lack of response to sensory stimuli

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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In 1900, most people died


A) in a hospital, cared for by medical staff.
B) in a nursing home.
C) at home, cared for by their family.
D) at a hospice.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, which of the following is the first stage of dying?


A) denial and isolation
B) bargaining
C) acceptance
D) depression

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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