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According to Herzberg's views,which of the following strategies would be most likely to result in a higher level of worker motivation?


A) Improvements in the physical working conditions
B) Providing clear and fair work rules and policies
C) Making the work itself more interesting and challenging
D) Using time-motion studies to find the most efficient techniques for employees to use

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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According to equity theory,if employees perceive that their level of effort is greater than their compensation,they will work to increase their productivity.

A) True
B) False

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Feedback helps enrich a job by satisfying an employee's esteem needs.

A) True
B) False

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Theory Y managers adhere to the principle that most people do not work to their fullest intellectual potential.

A) True
B) False

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In an interview that featured the CEO of Aruba Networks,New York Times reporter Andrew Bryant probed the CEO about his experience at Hewlett Packard.He asked,"What is the H.P.way?" The CEO responded,"Fundamentally,the H.P.way started with the basic assumption that each employee wants to do well,and they are capable of doing well,so as a manager you have to give them that environment to flourish." In the study of management,we would describe this management style as:


A) Theory B
B) Theory Y
C) Theory X
D) Theory Z

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Tyler earned his construction management degree last May and landed his first job as a field engineer with a well-known company that provides maintenance and repair for oil and chemical companies.During his first week on the job,he expressed enthusiasm for what he heard from other employees.Although he would be traveling to many job sites during the first five years,many of his new colleagues remarked on the opportunities for growth and promotion and added responsibilities if he persevered with this company.If Herzberg were ranking the job factors that provide satisfaction for this young graduate,he would refer to these as:


A) Hygiene factors
B) Needs factors
C) Motivators
D) Theory X factors

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following statements would Elton Mayo have most likely made soon after concluding his Hawthorne studies?


A) Employees are not lazy,but they normally lack direction and respond best to an autocratic style of management
B) The key to increasing productivity is to provide employees with the best possible physical working conditions
C) When employees are put into an isolated group,their natural tendency is to compete against each other and establish a natural "pecking order"
D) Employees who enjoy their work environment and believe they are respected are likely to be more productive employees

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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When Anna's manager sees her coming through the front door,he is greatly relieved.He knows that the tasks he has planned for the day will not need to be adjusted.Anna's work productivity and performance on the job are very good.Recently,her ability to get to work on time has affected her job performance.Anna's supervisor has documented a number of unrelated health issues that have prevented Anna from being to work on time.If Maslow were still alive,which of the following statements would he likely share with the supervisor?


A) A lack of socialization on the job may increase an employee's health-related issues.
B) Self-actualization needs are not being met by this employer.
C) Hygiene factors such as good pay are obviously not present through this employer.
D) Lower order needs such as physiological needs must be met before higher order needs.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Ruth Eday is sorry she ever hired Helen Highwater since Helen's work is sloppy and often late.Moreover,she doesn't get along well with most of the other employees and frequently initiates arguments.According to reinforcement theory,the only effective way for Ruth to deal with Helen's behavior is to wait for Helen to do something good,and then praise and reward her for the result.

A) True
B) False

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As a manager,Charlene works hard to ensure that employees are treated fairly,yet she still gets feedback that indicates that some employees don't believe she is fair.This problem most likely results from the fact that:


A) Charlene doesn't understand that employees are not concerned with equity,only with getting the biggest possible reward for the least possible effort.
B) "fair treatment" is a hygiene factor rather than a motivator.
C) attempts to treat employees fairly only works in an Asian or European culture.American employees tend to be individualists who believe that rewarding results is more important than perceptions of fairness.
D) equity judgments are based on perceptions,and the perceptions of employees are not always accurate.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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According to McGregor,Howie's views of his employees suggest he is a ____________ manager.


A) Theory A
B) Theory J
C) Theory X
D) Theory Y

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Researchers David Nadler and Edward Lawler suggest that in order to use expectancy theory to improve worker motivation,the first thing managers should do is:


A) identify the critical path for the project.
B) determine what rewards are valued by employees.
C) ensure that the rewards are tied to the employee's performance.
D) decide on a way to monitor employee performance.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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The sense of satisfaction you get when you achieve an important goal is an intrinsic reward.

A) True
B) False

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A basic idea of ___________ was to conduct time-motion studies to find the best way to perform each task,then teach people to use these methods.


A) management by design
B) Theory Z management
C) scientific management
D) expectancy theory

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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The personal satisfaction people feel when they have done a job well is an) __________ reward.


A) cognitive
B) extrinsic
C) physiological
D) intrinsic

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

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Than Wok emigrated from his war-torn country to the United States almost two years ago.He recently found a job working on an assembly line at a major computer manufacturer.Than left his friends and family behind when he came to the United States.He is lonely and hopes that his fellow employees will accept him so that he can build some lasting friendships.According to Maslow,Than wants to satisfy his:


A) physiological needs.
B) safety needs.
C) social needs.
D) self-actualization needs.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Lisa is a Gen Xer who has just been promoted to a management position.If she is like many of her generation,one of Lisa's biggest problems is likely to be her inflexibility and difficulty at working collaboratively with other employees.

A) True
B) False

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The Hawthorne studies concluded that productivity at work seldom changed,but an employee's attitude could show significant improvement if he/she were given the opportunity to think critically at work.

A) True
B) False

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During the first year at the Millennium Company,management trainees spend two months in each of six different departments where they have the opportunity to learn skills in each functional area,but also make decisions about where they have the best match.Job rotation is a motivational strategy used by contemporary organizations.

A) True
B) False

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______________ was the dominant strategy for improving worker productivity during the early 1900s.


A) Management by objective
B) Scientific management
C) Social Darwinism
D) Job enrichment

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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